Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism after successful parathyroidectomy for single parathyroid adenoma: Prevalence, etiological factors, predictive markers, treatment and evolution.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postparathyroidectomy normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (PPNCHPPT) is a frequent situation for which we have no information in our country. The objective is to know our prevalence of PPNCHPPT, the associated etiological factors, the predictive markers, the treatment administered and the evolution. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective observational cross-sectional study on 42 patients. Twelve patients with PPNCHPPT and 30 without PPNCHPPT are compared. RESULTS: HPPTNCPP prevalence: 28.6%. Etiological factors: vitamin D deficiency: 75%; bone remineralization: 16.7%; renal failure: 16.7%; hypercalciruria: 8.3%. No change in the set point of calcium-mediated parathormone (PTH) secretion was observed, but an increase in the preoperative PTH/albumin-corrected calcium (ACC) ratio was observed. Predictive markers: PTH/ACC ratio (AUC 0.947; sensitivity 100%, specificity 78.9%) and PTH (AUC 0.914; sensitivity 100%, specificity 73.7%) one week postparathyroidectomy. EVOLUTION: follow-up 30 ±â€¯16.3 months: 50% normalized PTH and 8.3% had recurrence of hyperparathyroidism. Patients with PPNCHPPT less frequently received preoperative treatment with bisphosphonates and postoperative treatment with calcium salts. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in our country that demonstrates a mean prevalence of PPNCHPPT, mainly related to a vitamin D deficiency and a probable resistance to the action of PTH, which can be predicted by the PTH/ACC ratio and PTH a week post-intervention and often evolves normalizing the PTH. We disagree with the etiological effect of hypercalciuria and the change in the PTH/calcemia regulation set point, and we acknowledge the scant treatment administered with calcium salts in the postoperative period.

TC-4D como prueba de localización preoperatoria de segunda línea en la evaluación del hiperparatiroidismo primario / 4D-CT as a second line preoperative localization test for the evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism

Introducción: La tomografía computarizada en cuatro dimensiones (TC-4D) ofrece buena sensibilidad para localizar la glándula patológica responsable del hiperparatiroidismo primario. El objetivo fue evaluar su rendimiento como estudio de segunda línea tras ausencia de localización o resultado no concordante de los estudios habituales. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó todos los pacientes intervenidos por hiperparatiroidismo primario con TC-4D como estudio preoperatorio, del 1 de octubre de 2016 al 1 de octubre de 2021, en un centro hospitalario de tercer nivel. Se compararon los resultados de la TC-4D, la ecografía y las exploraciones de medicina nuclear (gammagrafía, SPECT y SPECT-TC) con el gold standard de la exploración quirúrgica y el resultado anatomopatológico, analizando los porcentajes de lateralización correcta y localización aproximada de la glándula patológica. Resultados: El análisis incluyó 64 pacientes, con una curación del 93,8% (60/64). La TC-4D mostró una lateralización correcta del 57,8% (37/64) y reveló la localización aproximada de la glándula en el 48,4% (31/64). La ecografía tuvo unos porcentajes del 31,1% (19/61) y del 18% (11/61) para la lateralización correcta y la localización aproximada, respectivamente, vs. un 34,9% (22/63) y un 28,6% (18/63) de los estudios de medicina nuclear y un 32,7% (16/49) y un 24,5% (12/49) de la SPECT-TC. Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: La TC-4D ofrece un rendimiento aceptable para localizar las lesiones responsables del hiperparatiroidismo primario, por lo que debería considerarse su uso ante la ausencia de localización en los estudios habituales. (AU)

Introduction: Four-dimensional computerized tomography (4D-CT) offers a good sensitivity for the localization of the pathological gland responsible of primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim was to evaluate its results as a second line preoperative localization test after inconclusive or discordant results of usual preoperative studies. Material and methods: Observational retrospective study that included all patients intervened for primary hyperparathyroidism with 4D-CT scan as preoperative study, from 1st October 2016 to 1st October 2021, in a tertiary referral centre. The results of 4D-CT, cervical ultrasound, and nuclear medicine explorations (scintigraphy, SPECT and SPECT-CT) were compared with the gold standard of the surgical exploration and the pathological result. The correct lateralization and the approximate localization rates of the pathological gland were evaluated. Results: A total of 64 patients were analysed, with a 93,8% (60/64) remission rate. 4D-CT showed a correct lateralization in 57,8% (37/64) of the cases and revealed the approximate localization of the gland in 48,4% (31/64) of the cases. The cervical ultrasound had a rate of 31,1% (19/61) and 18% (11/61) for the correct lateralization and approximate localization, respectively, compared to 34,9% (22/63) and 28,6% (18/63) in nuclear medicine explorations, and 32,7% (16/49) and 24,5% (12/49) in SPECT-CT. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: 4D-CT demonstrated acceptable results for the localization of the lesions responsible of primary hyperparathyroidism, thus its use should be considered with the absence of localization in routinely studies. (AU)

Hiperparatireoidismo primário: correlação entre os achados cintilográficos e a realização de paratireoidectomia / Primary hyperparathyroidism: correlation between scintigraphic findings and parathyroidectomy / Hiperparatiroidismo primario: correlación entre los hallazgos científicos y la realización de la paratiroidectomía

Introdução: Hiperparatireoidismo caracteriza-se pelo aumento dos níveis de paratormônio no sangue, hormônio produzido pelas glândulas paratireoides e que tem como função estimular a liberação de cálcio para o plasma sanguíneo. A doença pode ser primária ou secundária. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência das causas do hiperparatireoidismo em pacientes com hiperplasia ou adenoma de paratireoides; correlacionar os achados cintilográficos aos achados cirúrgicos; identificar e analisar a localização das paratireoides mais acometidas, relacionadas ao sexo e a idade; observar a prevalência de exames anatomopatológicos e apresentar a contribuição da utilização do gama probe no ato cirúrgico. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo, baseado em dados contidos em prontuários. A amostra foi composta por 142 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, que realizaram cintilografia das paratireoides entre 2015 e 2021. Também foram analisadas as características inerentes aos pacientes, assim como os achados cintilográficos e cirúrgicos. Resultados: Do total de 142 pacientes, 43,7% (n=62) apresentaram achados cintilográficos sugestivos de adenoma ou de hiperplasia de paratireoides, sendo que 27 deles foram submetidos à paratireoidectomia. Destes, 74% eram do sexo feminino e 26% do masculino, com média das idades de 56,9 anos (desvio padrão=14,6). As cintilografias estudadas mostraram comprometimento de apenas uma glândula na maioria dos pacientes (88,9%) e duas glândulas em três deles (11,1%). A localização mais frequentemente acometida foi nas glândulas inferiores, sobretudo as inferiores direitas. Sobre a análise anatomopatológica, 36,4% dos casos foram adenoma e 63,6% hiperplasia, não tendo sido observadas grandes diferenças na idade desses dois grupos. Além disso, não houve relação entre localização e sexo com a presença de Adenoma ou Hiperplasia. Por fim, em 78% das cirurgias o dispositivo gama probe foi utilizado no intraoperatório. Conclusão: O hiperparatireoidismo primário ocorre predominantemente em mulheres, entre 50-60 anos, com acometimento mais frequente em apenas uma das glândulas. As etiologias mais observadas são adenomas ou hiperplasias e o detector Gama-Probe é bastante importante no auxílio cirúrgico

Introduction: Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by increased levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood, a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands and whose function is to stimulate the release of calcium into the blood plasma. The disease may be primary or secondary. Objectives: To verify the prevalence of the causes of hyperparathyroidism in patients with hyperplasia or parathyroid adenoma; to correlate scintigraphic findings with surgical findings; to identify and analyze the location of the most affected parathyroids, related to sex and age; to observe the prevalence of anatomopathological examinations and to present the contribution of the use of the Probe gamma in the surgical act. Methods: Retrospective observational cross sectional study based on data contained in medical records. The sample consisted of 142 individuals of both sexes, who underwent parathyroid scintigraphy between 2015 and 2021. The characteristics inherent to the patients were also analyzed, as well as the scintigraphic and surgical findings. Results: Of the 142 patients, 43.7% (n=62) presented scintigraphic findings suggestive of adenoma or hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, and 27 of them were submitted to parathyroidectomy. Of these, 74% were female and 26% male, with a mean age of 56.9 years (standard deviation = 14.6). The scintigraphies studied showed impairment of only one gland in most patients (88.9%) and two glands in three of them (11.1%). The most frequently affected location was in the lower glands, especially the right lower glands. Regarding the anatomopathological analysis, 36.4% of the cases were adenoma and 63.6% hyperplasia, and no significant differences were observed in the age of these two groups. In addition, there was no relationship between location and sex with the presence of adenoma or hyperplasia. Finally, in 78% of the surgeries the gamma Probe device was used intraoperatively. Conclusion: Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs predominantly in women, aged 50-60 years, with more frequent involvement in only one of the glands. The most observed etiologies are adenomas or hyperplasias and the Gamma-Probe detector is very important in surgical aid

Introducción: El hiperparatiroidismo se caracteriza por el aumento de los niveles de hormona paratiroidea en sangre, hormona producida por las glándulas paratiroides y cuya función es estimular la liberación de calcio al plasma sanguíneo. La enfermedad puede ser primaria o secundaria. Objetivos: Verificar la prevalencia de causas de hiperparatiroidismo en pacientes con hiperplasia o adenoma paratiroideo; correlacionar los hallazgos gammagráficos con los hallazgos quirúrgicos; identificar y analizar la ubicación de las paratiroides más afectadas, en relación con el sexo y la edad; observar la prevalencia de los exámenes anatomopatológicos y presentar la contribución del uso de la sonda gamma en el acto quirúrgico. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo, basado en datos contenidos en historias clínicas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 142 individuos de ambos sexos, a quienes se les realizó gammagrafía de paratiroides entre 2015 y 2021. También se analizaron las características propias de los pacientes, así como los hallazgos gammagráficos y quirúrgicos. Resultados: Del total de 142 pacientes, el 43,7% (n=62) presentó hallazgos gammagráficos sugestivos de adenoma o hiperplasia paratiroidea, y 27 de ellos fueron sometidos a paratiroidectomía. De estos, el 74% eran mujeres y el 26% hombres, con una edad media de 56,9 años (desviación estándar = 14,6). La gammagrafía estudiada mostró afectación de una sola glándula en la mayoría de los pacientes (88,9%) y de dos glándulas en tres de ellos (11,1%). La localización más frecuentemente afectada fueron las glándulas inferiores, especialmente las inferiores derechas. En cuanto al análisis anatomopatológico, el 36,4% de los casos fueron adenoma y el 63,6% hiperplasia, no observándose grandes diferencias en la edad de estos dos grupos. Además, no hubo relación entre la localización y el sexo con la presencia de adenoma o hiperplasia. Finalmente, en el 78% de las cirugías se utilizó intraoperatoriamente el dispositivo de sonda gamma. Conclusión: El hiperparatiroidismo primario se presenta predominantemente en mujeres, con edades entre 50-60 años, siendo más frecuente la afectación de una sola de las glándulas. Las etiologías más observadas son adenomas o hiperplasias y el detector Gamma-Probe es muy importante en la asistencia quirúrgica

Procedimiento radioguiado en la cirugía mínimamente invasiva del hiperparatiroidismo primario / Radio-guided procedure in minimally invasive surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism

La paratiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva, de elección en la mayoría de casos de hiperparatiroidismo primario, muestra una elevada tasa de detección, fundamentada en una precisa localización preoperatoria mediante gammagrafía con MIBI (SPECT/TC) y ecografía cervical. La paratiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva radioguiada es una técnica aún más efectiva, acorta los tiempos quirúrgicos y mantiene una mínima incisión y escasas complicaciones; permite además la comprobación inmediata de la exéresis de la lesión paratiroidea y es especialmente interesante en pacientes con adenomas ectópicos o antecedentes quirúrgicos cervicales. En el presente trabajo se exponen las indicaciones, los protocolos y las diferencias entre los dos procedimientos disponibles de cirugía radioguiada mínimamente invasiva de paratiroides (MIBI y ROLL). (AU)

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, of choice in most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, shows a high detection rate, based on precise preoperative localization by MIBI scintigraphy (SPECT/CT) and neck ultrasound. Radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is an even more effective technique, which shortens surgical times, maintains minimal incision and few complications, allows immediate verification of parathyroid adenoma removal and is especially interesting in patients with ectopic lesions or cervical surgical history. In this paper, the indications, protocols and differences between the two available radio-guided parathyroid surgery procedures (MIBI and ROLL) are exposed. (AU)

4D-CT as a second line preoperative localization test for the evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism.

INTRODUCTION: Four-dimensional computerized tomography (4D-CT) offers a good sensitivity for the localization of the pathological gland responsible of primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim was to evaluate its results as a second line preoperative localization test after inconclusive or discordant results of usual preoperative studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational retrospective study that included all patients intervened for primary hyperparathyroidism with 4D-CT scan as preoperative study, from 1st October 2016 to 1st October 2021, in a tertiary referral centre. The results of 4D-CT, cervical ultrasound, and Nuclear Medicine explorations (scintigraphy, SPECT and SPECT-CT) were compared with the gold standard of the surgical exploration and the pathological result. The correct lateralization and the approximate localization rates of the pathological gland were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were analysed, with a 93,8% (60/64) remission rate. 4DCT showed a correct lateralization in 57,8% (37/64) of the cases and revealed the approximate localization of the gland in 48,4% (31/64) of the cases. The cervical ultrasound had a rate of 31,1% (19/61) and 18% (11/61) for the correct lateralization and approximate localization, respectively, compared to 34,9% (22/63) and 28,6% (18/63) in Nuclear Medicine explorations, and 32,7% (16/49) and 24,5% (12/49) in SPECT-CT. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: 4D-CT demonstrated acceptable results for the localization of the lesions responsible of primary hyperparathyroidism, thus its use should be considered with the absence of localization in routinely studies.

Radio-guided procedure in minimally invasive surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, of choice in most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, shows a high detection rate, based on precise preoperative localization by MIBI scintigraphy (SPECT/CT) and neck ultrasound. Radioguided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is an even more effective technique, which shortens surgical times, maintains minimal incision and few complications, allows immediate verification of parathyroid adenoma removal and is especially interesting in patients with ectopic lesions or cervical surgical history. In this paper, the indications, protocols and differences between the two available radioguided parathyroid surgery procedures (MIBI and R.O.L.L.) are exposed.

Situación actual de la cirugía endocrina en régimen ambulatorio en España. Revisión sistemática de la literatura existente / Current situation of outpatient endocrine surgery in spain. Systematic review of the existing literature

En los últimos 20 años la cirugía en régimen ambulatorio se ha impuesto como una realidad cotidiana. Se ha convertido en un estándar para ciertas cirugías en casos seleccionados. La cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea han sido unos de los procedimientos que se han implantado en muchas unidades de CMA, pero todavía hay reticencias a su realización y no existen muchas publicaciones al respecto en el ámbito nacional. Por ello, revisamos la literatura publicada en revistas indexadas respecto a la cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea en régimen ambulatorio en España en los últimos 20 años (AU)

In the last 20 years ambulatory surgery has established itself as a daily reality. It has become a standard for certain surgeries in selected cases. Thyroid and parathyroid surgery have been one of the procedures that have been implemented in many units, but there is still reluctance to carry them out and there are not many publications on the matter at the national level. For this reason, we reviewed the literature published in indexed journals regarding thyroid and parathyroid surgery in outpatient settings in Spain in the last 20 years (AU)

The effect of body mass index on parathyroidectomy complications in primary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: There are few studies evaluating the effect of high body mass index (BMI) on parathyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the BMI and post-operative outcome of the patients who were operated for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hospital files of patients who were operated for PHP between January 2013 and January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients operated by surgeons experienced in endocrine surgery (more than 25 cases/year) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to BMI (Group 1 < and Group 2 ≥ 25). Data were analyzed. RESULTS: Groups were similar in terms of age (p = 0.715) and sex (p = 0.253). There was no significant difference between groups regarding postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.561), rate of transient hypocalcemia (p = 0.748), or permanent hypocalcemia (p = 0.530). The mean operative time was shorter in Group 1 (84 min in Group 1 and 70 min in Group 2, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: Parathyroid surgery can safely be performed in patients with high BMI by surgeons experienced in endocrine surgery.

OBJETIVOS: Existen pocos estudios evaluando el efecto de un alto índice de masa corporal (IMC) en la cirugía de paratiroides. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el resultado posoperatorio depacientes que fueron operados por hiperparatiroidismo primario (PHP). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Expedientes de pacientes que fueron operados por PHP entre enero de 2013 y enero de 2020 fueron revisados retrospectivamente. Pacientes operados por ciruganoscon experiencia en cirugía endocrina (más de 25 casos por año) fueron incluidos. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo a IMC (grupo 1 < 25 y grupo 2 ≥ 25). Los datos fueron analizados. RESULTADOS: Los grupos eran similares en cuanto a edad (p = 0.715) y sexo (p = 0.253). No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en relación con la permanencia hospitalaria posoperatoria (p = 0.561), taza de hipocalcemia transitoria (p = 0.748) ohipocalcemia permanente (p = 0.530). La media de tiempo de operación fue menor en el grupo 1 (84 minutos en el grupo 1 y 70 minutos en el grupo 2, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIÓN: La cirugía de paratiroides puede ser realizada con seguridad en pacientes con alto IMC por ciruganos con experiencia en cirugía endocrina.

Factores de riesgo de persistencia en pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico de hiperparatiroidismo primario / Risk factors for surgical failure in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism

Introducción El hiperparatiroidismo primario es la tercera enfermedad endócrina más frecuente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los resultados a largo plazo y los factores de riesgo de persistencia en pacientes operados por hiperparatiroidismo primario. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados de paratiroidectomía entre 2009-2019. Se definió cura como el restablecimiento de la homeostasis normal del calcio durante un mínimo de seis meses, persistencia como la continuidad de hipercalcemia por más de seis meses postoperatorios, y recurrencia como la reaparición de hipercalcemia luego de un intervalo normocalcémico mayor a seis meses postoperatorios. Se realizó un análisis más detallado en pacientes con normocalcemia y hormona paratiroidea (HPT) elevada postoperatoria. Las variables independientemente relacionadas a persistencia fueron analizadas mediante análisis multivariante. Resultados Se incluyeron 212 pacientes. La edad media fue 59 años y 83% fueron mujeres. Se observó cura en 204 pacientes (96,2%), persistencia en ocho (3,8%) y recurrencia en tres (1,4%). Cuatro pacientes (1,9%) presentaron normocalcemia y HPT persistentemente elevada luego de la cirugía. Todos presentaron patología paratiroidea (dos adenoma y dos hiperplasia). En el seguimiento se observaron tres pacientes con fallo renal crónico (FRC) y uno con déficit de vitamina D. La persistencia se asoció independientemente con hiperplasia (Odds ratio=12,6; IC 95%: 1,28-124; p = 0,030) y tejido paratiroideo normal (Odds ratio=188; IC 95%: 9,33- 379; p = 0,001) en el estudio histopatológico. Conclusión La paratiroidectomía es un procedimiento seguro en términos de morbilidad y resultados a largo plazo. La hiperplasia y el tejido paratiroideo normal en el estudio histopatológico son factores de riesgo de persistencia (AU)

Introduction Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disease. The aim of our study was to determine long-term outcomes and risk factors for persistence in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods Retrospective study including patients undergoing parathyroidectomy between 2009- 2019. Cure was defined as reestablishment of normal calcium homeostasis lasting a minimum of 6 months. Persistence was defined by ongoing hypercalcemia more than 6 months after surgery. Recurrent PHTP was defined by recurrence of hypercalcemia after a normocalcemic interval at more than 6 months after surgery. A more detailed analysis was performed on patients with normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH levels after surgery. Variables independently related to persistence were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results We included 212 patients. Mean age was 59 years and 83% were women. Cure was observed in 204 patients (96.2%), persistence in 8 (3.8%) and recurrence in 3 (1.4%). Four patients (1.9%) presented normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH after surgery. All presented parathyroid pathology (2 adenomas and 2 hyperplasia). In follow-up we observed that adenoma subgroup presented one patient with CKD and one with vitamin D deficiency while in the hyperplasia subgroup two patients presented CKD. Persistence was independently associated with hyperplasia (Odds ratio=12.6, IC95%=1.28-124, p=0.030) and normal parathyroid tissue (Odds ratio=188, IC95%=9.33-379, p=0.001) on histopathological report. Conclusión Primary hyperparathyroidism is a safe procedure in terms of morbidity and long-term outcomes. Hyperplasia and normal parathyroid tissue on histopathological report are risk factors for persistence. An interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required to prevent persistence (AU)

Evaluation of voice quality in primary hyperparathyroidism patients undergoing minimally invasive parathyroid surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Voice quality disorders remain a problem with classical surgical method which is expected to decrease with new minimally invasive methods. We aimed to examine whether there is an impairment in voice quality among our patients who have undergone open minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. METHODS: Forty-seven primer hyperparathyroidism patients included in the study. Their video laryngoscopic evaluations and voice analyses were done in pre-operative and post-operative 6th month, and changes in the voice quality were examined. RESULTS: Eighty-five (85.1%) of patients were female, with a mean age of 51.5 ± 9.4. According to the voice analysis in the preoperative-postoperative 6th months, F0 (%): 210.616-211.443, Jitt (%): 0.699-0.735, RAP (%): 0.420-0.444, Shim (%): 2.535-2.736, NHR (dB): 0.119-0.123, and VTI: 0.044-0.045, respectively. No significant differences were observed in any of the acoustic parameters between the pre- and post-operative periods. CONCLUSION: No deterioration in voice quality was observed in patients undergoing novel minimally invasive surgical technique. In this respect we think that this new method will be much more advantageous in terms of preserving the voice quality in eligible patients.

OBJECTIVO: Los trastornos de la calidad de la voz siguen siendo un problema con el método quirúrgico clásico y se espera que disminuyan con los nuevos métodos mínimamente invasivos. Nuestro objetivo fue examinar si existe un deterioro en la calidad de la voz entre nuestros pacientes que se han sometido a una cirugía abierta de paratiroides mínimamente invasiva. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 47 pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario. Sus evaluaciones videolaringoscópicas y análisis de voz se realizaron en el sexto mes preoperatorio y posoperatorio, y se examinaron los cambios en la calidad de la voz. RESULTADOS: Ochenta y cinco (85,1%) de los pacientes eran mujeres, con una edad media de 51,5 ± 9,4. Según el análisis de voz en el sexto mes preoperatorio-posoperatorio, F0 (%): 210.616-211.443, Jitt (%): 0.699-0.735, RAP (%): 0.420-0.444, Shim (%): 2.535-2.736, NHR (dB): 0,119-0,123 y VTI: 0,044-0,045 respectivamente. No se observaron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los parámetros acústicos entre el pre y postoperatorio. CONCLUSIÓN: No se observó deterioro en la calidad de la voz en pacientes sometidos a una técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva novedosa. Teniendo en cuenta que este método brindará la oportunidad de preservar la calidad de la voz en pacientes elegibles.

Manejo quirúrgico del hiperparatiroidismo primario con pruebas de localización prequirúrgicas negativas / Surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism with negative preoperative imaging workup

Introducción y objetivo: Una vez realizado el diagnóstico de hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTp), el único tratamiento curativo posible es la paratiroidectomía. Puede llevarse a cabo mediante una exploración cervical bilateral o por medio de una paratiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva (MIP), en la que exclusivamente se explora el compartimento cervical en el que se encuentra la glándula paratiroides sospechosa de causar el HPTp. Los resultados de ambas técnicas son comparables, existiendo una mayor tendencia a realizar MIP cuando en las pruebas de localización de imagen se localiza correctamente la glándula afecta. En el caso de que las pruebas de localización resulten negativas o discordantes el tipo de abordaje quirúrgico es controvertido. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos originales, guías, y documentos de sociedades científicas dedicadas al manejo del hiperparatiroidismo primario que incluían casos con pruebas de localización contradictorias o negativas. Se localizaron 211 estudios y finalmente se seleccionaron 2 revisiones sistemáticas, 20 estudios originales y 4 guías de recomendaciones de sociedades profesionales.Discusión: La recomendación formal de las guías es realizar una BNE en los casos de pruebas de localización negativa. En el resto de la literatura revisada se observó una tendencia creciente de los cirujanos a solicitar pruebas de localización complementarias para intentar una MIP, aunque la mayoría seguían la recomendación de las guías. Algunos autores han reportado tasas de éxito de MIP con medición intraoperatoria de PTH similares a los obtenidos con BNE. Técnicas como el PET-TC con 18F-fluorocolina o 11C-colina, la cirugía radioguiada con gammacámara y la medición intraoperatoria de PTH, son de especial utilidad en el estudio prequirúrgico y como apoyo durante la cirugía de casos con pruebas de localización negativas. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Once the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is made, the only curative treatment available is parathyroidectomy. This can be achieved by a bilateral neck exploration or through a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, in which the only neck compartment explored is the one suspected of having the parathyroid gland causing the pHPT. The results of both techniques are equivalent. However, there is a growing tendency to choose MIP when imaging studies correctly localize the affected gland. When imaging studies are negative or discordant, surgical management causes some controversies. Method: We performed a systematic review of original articles, guidelines and scientific socie-ties documents related to the management of primary hyperparathyroidism with contradictory or negative preoperative localization. We found 211 studies, and selected 2 systematic reviews, 20 original articles and 4 guidelines. Discussion: Guidelines recommend performing a BNE when preoperative localization fails. In the reviewed literature we observed a growing tendency of requesting further imaging studies to perform a MIP, although the majority of surgeons follow the guidelines. MIP + intraoperative PTH monitoring has been reported to have similar success rates as BNE. Some techniques like 18F-Fluorocloline or 11C-coline PET-TC, radioguided surgery with intraoperative gamma camera and intraoperative PTH monitoring, are especially useful in the preoperative workup and as support during surgery when localizing imaging tests result negative. (AU)

Risk factors for surgical failure in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.

INTRODUCTION: Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disease. The aim of our study was to determine long-term outcomes and risk factors for persistence in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: Retrospective study including patients undergoing parathyroidectomy between 2009-2019. Cure was defined as reestablishment of normal calcium homeostasis lasting a minimum of 6 months. Persistence was defined by ongoing hypercalcemia more than 6 months after surgery. Recurrent PHTP was defined by recurrence of hypercalcemia after a normocalcemic interval at more than 6 months after surgery. A more detailed analysis was performed on patients with normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH levels after surgery. Variables independently related to persistence were analyzed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We included 212 patients. Mean age was 59 years and 83% were women. Cure was observed in 204 patients (96.2%), persistence in 8 (3.8%) and recurrence in 3 (1.4%). Four patients (1.9%) presented normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH after surgery. All presented parathyroid pathology (2 adenomas and 2 hyperplasia). In follow-up we observed that adenoma subgroup presented one patient with CKD and one with vitamin D deficiency while in the hyperplasia subgroup two patients presented CKD. Persistence was independently associated with hyperplasia (Odds ratio = 12.6, IC95% = 1.28-124, p = 0.030) and normal parathyroid tissue (Odds ratio = 188, IC95% = 9.33-379, p = 0.001) on histopathological report. CONCLUSION: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a safe procedure in terms of morbidity and long-term outcomes. Hyperplasia and normal parathyroid tissue on histopathological report are risk factors for persistence. An interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required to prevent persistence.

Manejo quirúrgico de carcinoma de paratiroides: a propósito de un caso / Surgical management of parathyroid carcinoma: a case report

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de que el carcinoma de paratiroides es uno de los cánceres menos frecuentes del mundo, es importante tenerlo en cuenta al plantear el diagnóstico diferencial del hiperparatiroidismo primario, ya que su diagnóstico temprano tiene repercusiones en el tratamiento y el pronóstico vital del paciente. Caso Clínico: A continuación, se expone un caso clínico de un paciente con sintomatología abigarrada de hiperfunción paratiroidea que, dada la sospecha clínica de carcinoma de paratiroides y la no infiltración de estructuras adyacentes, fue tratado con una paratiroidectomía. Conclusión: Esta cirugía supone una menor morbilidad, sin suponer un detrimento para la supervivencia global del paciente.

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma should be taken into consideration among the differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, even though it is one of the less common malignant tumours in the world, because an early diagnosis is essential for the treatment and the prognosis of the patient. Case Report: We present the case of a patient whose symptoms were compatible with hyperfunction of parathyroid gland. Due to the malignant disease suspicion and the non-invasion of adjacent tissue, he was treated with a parathyroidectomy. Conclusión: This type of treatment supposes a lower morbidity without decrease in overall survival, according to bibliography.

Estudios preoperatorios coincidentes para el diagnóstico de hiperparatiroidismo primario por adenoma simple: ¿podemos evitar la PTH intraoperatoria? / Preoperative matching studies in the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma for primary hyperparathyroidism: Can we avoid intraoperative PTH monitoring?

Introducción: La causa más frecuente de hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPP) es el adenoma paratiroideo (único en el 80 a 85% de los casos y doble en un 4%, aproximadamente). El resto de los casos obedece a una hiperplasia de las glándulas paratiroides, o de forma más infrecuente, a un carcinoma paratiroideo. Nuestro objetivo es determinar la utilidad de la hormona paratiroidea intraoperatoria (PTHio) en pacientes con ecografía cervical y centellograma coincidentes preoperatorios, en el HPP por un adenoma simple. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, unicéntrico, incluyendo a todos los pacientes sometidos a paratiroidectomía mini-invasiva (PMI) por HPP, por adenoma simple. Definimos estudios coincidentes cuando ambos localizaron el adenoma. La PTHio fue medida en tres ocasiones: en la inducción anestésica, inmediatamente antes y a los 15 minutos de la escisión de la glándula. El éxito se definió como la caída de al menos el 50% del valor máximo de la hormona paratiroidea (PTH) luego de remover la glándula. Se analizaron variables demográficas, intraoperatorias, postoperatorias y la utilidad de la PTHio. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 499 paratiroidectomías, de estas, 218 presentaron un adenoma localizado en la ecografía y gammagrafía. La edad fue de 60,1 años y 85% eran mujeres. Luego de 15 minutos de la escisión del adenoma, la PTHio no descendió en nueve pacientes (4,2% OR 1,9 a 7,69%); todos ellos fueron a una exploración cervical bilateral. El valor agregado de la PTHio para la cura de la enfermedad fue de 3,6%. Hubo un 99% de curación de enfermedad. El tiempo operatorio fue de 66,4 minutos y el de espera de la PTHio fue de 31 minutos. La PTHio encareció el procedimiento al doble. Conclusiones: La ecografía y el centellograma preoperatorios coincidentes para la localización de un adenoma en HPP podrían evitar la medición de la PTHio durante las PMI. (AU)

Introduction: We aim to determine the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring in patients with matching preoperative ultrasound and mibi SPECT for primary hyperparathyroidism for a single adenoma. Methods: All patients who underwent minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) for a single parathyroid adenoma, were included. An Ultrasound and mibi SPECT were performed in all patients. We defined matching studies when both coincided in the localization of the adenoma. IOPTH was performed in all patients and analyzed in three occasions: a baseline measurement at the anesthetic induction, immediately before, and 15 minutes after gland excision. Success was defined during the third measurement as a drop of IOPTH of at least 50%compared to the previous maximum value after gland excision. Demographics, intraoperative, postoperative variables and the utility of IOPTH monitoring were analyzed. Results: A total of 218 MIP were performed. The average age was 60.1 years and 85% were female. Preoperative ultrasound and mibi SPECT coincided 100%. When the adenoma was localized, 15 minutes after its excision, IOPTH did not decrease in 9 patients (4.2% OR 1.9% - 7.69%); all of them underwent a bilateral neck exploration. The added-value of IOPTH accuracy for disease cure was 3.6%. There was a 99% of cure rate. The mean surgical time was 66.4 minutes and the waiting time for the third IOPTH result was 31minutes. Performing IOPTH monitoring made the surgery about twice more expensive. Conclusions: Preoperative matching ultrasound and mibi SPECT for parathyroid adenoma localization in PHP, could avoid IOPTH monitoring in minimally invasive parathyroidectomies. (AU)

Preoperative matching studies in the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma for primary hyperparathyroidism: Can we avoid intraoperative PTH monitoring?

INTRODUCTION: We aim to determine the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring in patients with matching preoperative ultrasound and mibi SPECT for primary hyperparathyroidism for a single adenoma. METHODS: All patients who underwent minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) for a single parathyroid adenoma, were included. An Ultrasound and mibi SPECT were performed in all patients. We defined matching studies when both coincided in the localization of the adenoma. IOPTH was performed in all patients and analyzed in three occasions: a baseline measurement at the anesthetic induction, immediately before, and 15 min after gland excision. Success was defined during the third measurement as a drop of IOPTH of at least 50% compared to the previous maximum value after gland excision. Demographics, intraoperative, postoperative variables and the utility of IOPTH monitoring were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 218 MIP were performed. The average age was 60.1 years and 85% were female. Preoperative ultrasound and mibi SPECT coincided 100%. When the adenoma was localized, 15 min after its excision, IOPTH did not decrease in 9 patients (4.2%. OR 1.9%-7.69%); all of them underwent a bilateral neck exploration. The added-value of IOPTH accuracy for disease cure was 3.6%. There was a 99% of cure rate. The mean surgical time was 66.4 min and the waiting time for the third IOPTH result was 31 min. Performing IOPTH monitoring made the surgery about twice more expensive. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative matching ultrasound and mibi SPECT for parathyroid adenoma localization in PHP, could avoid IOPTH monitoring in minimally invasive parathyroidectomies.

Risk factors for surgical failure in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. / Factores de riesgo de persistencia en pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico de hiperparatiroidismo primario.

INTRODUCTION: Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disease. The aim of our study was to determine long-term outcomes and risk factors for persistence in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: Retrospective study including patients undergoing parathyroidectomy between 2009- 2019. Cure was defined as reestablishment of normal calcium homeostasis lasting a minimum of 6 months. Persistence was defined by ongoing hypercalcemia more than 6 months after surgery. Recurrent PHTP was defined by recurrence of hypercalcemia after a normocalcemic interval at more than 6 months after surgery. A more detailed analysis was performed on patients with normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH levels after surgery. Variables independently related to persistence were analyzed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We included 212 patients. Mean age was 59 years and 83% were women. Cure was observed in 204 patients (96.2%), persistence in 8 (3.8%) and recurrence in 3 (1.4%). Four patients (1.9%) presented normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH after surgery. All presented parathyroid pathology (2 adenomas and 2 hyperplasia). In follow-up we observed that adenoma subgroup presented one patient with CKD and one with vitamin D deficiency while in the hyperplasia subgroup two patients presented CKD. Persistence was independently associated with hyperplasia (Odds ratio=12.6, IC95%=1.28-124, p=0.030) and normal parathyroid tissue (Odds ratio=188, IC95%=9.33-379, p=0.001) on histopathological report. CONCLUSIóN: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a safe procedure in terms of morbidity and long-term outcomes. Hyperplasia and normal parathyroid tissue on histopathological report are risk factors for persistence. An interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required to prevent persistence.

Tiroidectomía y paratiroidectomía endoscópica transoral con abordaje vestibular(TOETVA TOEPVA): Experiencia inicial en el Hospital Universitario Austral / Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA TOEPVA): intial experience in Hospital Universitario Austral

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la cervicotomía de Kocher ha sido el abordaje clásico para la cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea. El aumento en la preocupación por la cicatriz cervical ha generado un interés creciente por disminuir su tamaño o trasladarla a lugares menos visibles. Anuwong publica 60 casos de TOETVA/TOEPVA en 2016, con resultados óptimos. Objetivos: comunicar la experiencia con la tiroidectomía y paratiroidectomía transoral endoscópica con abordaje vestibular en el Hospital Universitario Austral. Material y métodos: análisis retrospetivo, sobre base prospectiva, de 18 procedimientos, entre mayo de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Se realizaron 2 paratiroidectomías, 13 lobectomías, 4 tiroidectomías totales, una con linfadenectomía central; una paciente presentó 2 patologías (adenoma paratiroideo y nódulo tiroideo). Citología según Bethesda: categoría II: 7; indeterminada: 1 y categoría VI: 9. Resultados: 18 pacientes femeninas. Mediana de edad: 41 años. Media del tamaño nodular: 30 mm. Volumen glandular medio: 24 mL. Conversión: 1 caso. Promedio de tiempo quirúrgico: lobectomía, 260 minutos; tiroidectomía total, 262 minutos. Histología definitiva: carcinoma papilar, 11; bocio nodular, 6; adenoma paratiroideo, 2. Complicaciones: equimosis leve, 12 pacientes; hipoparatiroidismo transitorio, 1 caso; paresia recurrencial transitoria, 1 caso; hiposensibilidad mentoniana transitoria, 1 caso. Dos casos de tiroidectomía total por cáncer: tiroglobulina a las 6 semanas < 0,1 μUI/mL. Conclusiones: 1) Es un abordaje seguro y ofrece resultados cosméticos excelentes. 2) Puede implementarse con equipamiento endoscópico convencional, con curva de aprendizaje corta y escasa morbilidad. 3) Alternativa para el tratamiento del carcinoma papilar de bajo riesgo. 4) Es prioritario garantizar la seguridad del paciente.

ABSTRACT Background: Kocher's cervicotomy has been the classic approach for thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The greater concern about neck scarring has generated an increasing interest in reducing scar size or leaving the scar in less visible places. In 2016 Anuwong published 60 cases of TOETVA/TOEPVA with optimal outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the initial experience with transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy vestibular approach in Hospital Universitario Austral. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 prospective procedures performed between May 2019 and March 2020. The procedures performed were 2 parathyroidectomies, 13 lobectomies, 4 total thyroidectomies, 1 with central lymph node dissection; one patient presented a parathyroid adenoma and a benign thyroid nodule. Cytology report according to the Bethesda system: category II in 7 cases, VI in 9 and indeterminate in 1. Results: 18 female patients. Median age: 41 years. Mean nodule size: 30 mm. Mean gland volume: 24 mL. Conversion. 1 case. Mean operative time: lobectomy, 260 minutes; total thyroidectomy, 262 minutes. Definite histology: papillary thyroid carcinoma,11; benign nodular goiter, 6; parathyroid adenoma, 2. Complications: mild ecchymosis, 12 patients; temporary hyperparathyroidism, 1 case; temporary recurrent laryngeal palsy, 1 case; temporary numbness of the mental region in 1 case. In the two cases undergoing total thyroidectomy due to cancer, thyroglobulin level 6 weeks after surgery was < 0.1 μIU/mL. Conclusions: 1) The transoral approach is a safe and feasible procedure that offers excellent cosmetic results. 2) It can be implemented using conventional endoscopic equipment, has a short learning curve and low morbidity rate. 3)It constitutes an alternative for the treatment of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. 4) Patient's safety should be guaranteed.

Paratiroidectomía transoral endoscópica por abordaje vestibular: experiencia inicial en la Argentina / Transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach: initial experience in Argentina

RESUMEN Antecedentes: con el advenimiento de los abordajes mininvasivos se han planteado diferentes escenarios; la paratiroidectomía transoral endoscópica por abordaje vestibular (TOEPVA) es una técnica con resultados prometedores. Objetivos: describir la técnica quirúrgica y la experiencia obtenida. Material y métodos: se seleccionaron 3 pacientes asintomáticos con hiperparatiroidismo primario por adenoma paratiroideo y un caso de hiperparatiroidismo terciario con hiperplasia paratiroidea clínica e imagenológicamente identificables. Resultados: en 3 de los pacientes, el tiempo quirúrgico fue de 202,5 minutos. La tolerancia al dolor fue buena y la internación abarcó 24 horas. En uno de los casos con adenoma paratiroideo de ubicación ectópica se realizó la conversión de la cirugía con una apertura esofágica accidental. En todos los casos se obtuvo un descenso de parathormona intraoperatoria superior al 50% sobre el basal. Conclusiones: creemos importante aplicar dicho procedimiento en casos seleccionados, pues es una alternativa mininvasiva reproducible aunque no exenta de complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Background: Different scenarios have emerged with the advent of minimally invasive approaches; transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEPVA) is a technique with promising results. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique and the experience gained. Material and methods: We describe 3 patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma and one case of tertiary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid hyperplasia with clinical signs and presence of lesions in imaging tests. Results: In 3 patients operative time was 202.5 minutes. The patients had adequate tolerance to pain and remained hospitalized for 24 hours. One patient with ectopic parathyroid adenoma required conversion to open surgery that was complicated with an accidental esophageal injury. Intraoperative parathormone levels decreased by > 50% compared by baseline values in all the cases. Conclusions: This minimally invasive procedure is reproducible but should be used in selected cases as it is not free of complications.

Utilidad de la combinación de ecografía y gammagrafía en evaluación preoperatoria de hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario / Usefulness of the ultrasound combination and scan in preoperative evaluation secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Objetivo: Determinar si la combinación de la ecografía y la gammagrafia paratiroidea mejora la capacidad de detección de glándulas paratiroideas hiperplásicas en población pediátrica para la planificación de paratiroidectomía en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y analítico de una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario, entre 2011 y 2018, que fueron operados de paratiroidectomía total o subtotal, en los que haya podido recabarseinformación de la anatomía patológica y protocolo quirúrgico. Resultados: N = 15 pacientes. Se analizaron un total de 53 glándulasparatiroides con diagnóstico de hiperplasia en alguno de los métodospor imágenes evaluados. Para cada método (ecografía y gammagrafía) y para la combinación de ambos, se obtuvieron la sensibilidad y área bajola curva, tomando como referencia el resultado obtenido por anatomíapatológica. La concordancia en el diagnóstico de la ecografía y de lagammagrafía fue del 66%. Discusión y conclusiones: Es bien conocida la dificultad intraquirúrgica que se plantea en cuanto a la localización de las glándulas paratiroides así como la variación anatómica que estas presentan. La ecografía detectó más glándulas que la gammagrafía en el diagnósticode hiperplasia paratiroidea. La combinación de ambos métodos permitedetectar a aquellos pacientes en los cuales un primer estudio resultónegativo.(AU)

Objective: To determine whether combined ultrasonography andparathyroid scintigraphy improves hyperplastic parathyroid gland detection in the pediatric population for parathyroidectomy planning in patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods: An observational and analytical retrospective cohort study was carried out. Patients diagnosed with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism from 2011 to 2018 undergoing total orsubtotal parathyroidectomy were included – provided there was information available on pathological examination and surgical protocol. Results: N = 15 patients. A total of 53 parathyroid glands diagnosedwith hyperplasia using either of the imaging methods were analyzed.For each method (ultrasonography and scintigraphy) and the combination of both, sensitivity and area under the curve were calculated, using pathological examination result as a reference. Ultrasonography andscintigraphy diagnostic match was 66%. Discussion and conclusions: The intraoperative difficulty of parathyroid gland identification is well-known. Ultrasonography detected more cases than scintigraphy when diagnosing parathyroid hyperplasia.The combination of both methods allows patients with a first negativestudy to be detected.(AU)

Hiperparatiroidismo terciario como presentación de enfermedad ósea metabólica en trasplante renal: un reto diagnóstico-terapéutico. Presentación de un caso clínico / Tertiaryhyperparathyroidism as a manifestation of bone mineral metabolismdisease in kidneytransplantrecipient: a diagnostic and therapeuticchallenge. Presentation of a clinical case

RESUMEN El hiperparatiroidismo terciario se caracteriza por hipercalcemia e hiperparatiroidismo autónomo en el contexto de hiperparatiroidismo secundario persistente. El HPT3 se relaciona con calcificaciones extraesqueléticas o calcifilaxis, fracturas, dolor óseo, pérdida progresiva de la densidad mineral ósea, nefrocalcinosis, litiasis, disfunción o rechazo del aloinjerto, alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas, enfermedad cardiovascular y aumento de la morbimortalidad. La paratiroidectomía subtotal es el tratamiento de elección, con altas tasas de curación. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con hiperparatiroidismo terciario como enfermedad ósea metabólica después de un trasplante renal exitoso, con evolución insidiosa y daño óseo severo, con adecuada respuesta al tratamiento oportuno con paratiroidectomía subtotal. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno del hiperparatiroidismo terciario en el paciente con trasplante renal es fundamental para disminuir la incidencia de comorbilidades, mejorar el pronóstico del paciente y optimizar recursos de salud.

ABSTRACT Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is characterized by hypercalcemia and autonomous hyperparathyroidism in the context of persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). THPT is related with extraskeletal calcifications, calciphylaxis, fractures, bone pain, progressive loss of bone mineral density, nephrocalcinosis, lithiasis, kidney allograft dysfunction and rejection, neuropsychiatric alterations, cardiovascular disease, and high morbimortality. Subtotal parathyroidectomy is the gold standard for treatment, with high cure rates. We described a case of THPT as a manifestation of Bone Mineral Metabolism Disease after a successful kidney transplant, with an insidious evolution and severe bone damage, with an adequate response to subtotal parathyroidectomy. We evidenced that early diagnosis and treatment of THPT in kidney transplant recipients is essential to the diminution of comorbidities, the improvement of prognosis and the optimization of health resources.